Note: phi is the empty set
epsilon is the zero length string
0, 1, a, b, c, are symbols in sigma
x is a variable or regular expression
( ... )( ... ) is concatenation
( ... ) + ( ... ) is union
( ... )* is the Kleene Closure = Kleene Star
(phi)(x) = (x)(phi) = phi
(epsilon)(x) = (x)(epsilon) = x
(phi) + (x) = (x) + (phi) = x
x + x = x
(epsilon)* = (epsilon)(epsilon) = epsilon
(x)* + (epsilon) = (x)* = x*
(x + epsilon)* = x*
x* (a+b) + (a+b) = x* (a+b)
x* y + y = x* y
(x + epsilon)x* = x* (x + epsilon) = x*
(x+epsilon)(x+epsilon)* (x+epsilon) = x*
epsilon is the zero length string
0, 1, a, b, c, are symbols in sigma
x is a variable or regular expression
( ... )( ... ) is concatenation
( ... ) + ( ... ) is union
( ... )* is the Kleene Closure = Kleene Star
(phi)(x) = (x)(phi) = phi
(epsilon)(x) = (x)(epsilon) = x
(phi) + (x) = (x) + (phi) = x
x + x = x
(epsilon)* = (epsilon)(epsilon) = epsilon
(x)* + (epsilon) = (x)* = x*
(x + epsilon)* = x*
x* (a+b) + (a+b) = x* (a+b)
x* y + y = x* y
(x + epsilon)x* = x* (x + epsilon) = x*
(x+epsilon)(x+epsilon)* (x+epsilon) = x*
(phi)* = epsilon
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